Figure 4
From: Diversity in bacterium-host interactions within the species Helicobacter heilmannii sensu stricto
mRNA expression levels of cytokines IL-1β and IFN-γ in the antrum of the stomach. Cytokine mRNA expression levels in the fundus and antrum of the stomach were examined by quantitative RT-PCR. Expression levels of IL-1β (a) and IFN-γ (b) in the antrum are shown. Data are presented as the fold change in gene expression normalized to 3 reference genes and relative to the negative control group which is considered as 1. Data are shown as means + standard deviation. Significant differences in expression level between inoculated groups and negative control group are indicated by * p < 0.05 (ANOVA).