Understanding foot-and-mouth disease virus transmission biology: identification of the indicators of infectiousness

Table 3 GLMM Onset of clinical signs

Variable	Estimated effect	se	p	odds	95% CI	χ 2/DF
OPF VI
>5.0 log₁₀ TCID₅₀/mL	1.918	0.791	0.020	6.81	1.38-33.6	1.01
<5.0 log₁₀ TCID₅₀/mL	-	-
Onset OPF VI > CT
yes	2.410	0.974	0.016	11.1	1.59-77.9	1.02
no	-	-
OPF qRT-PCR
>6.5 log₁₀ copies/mL	2.670	1.021	0.013	14.4	1.83-114	0.99
<6.5 log₁₀ copies/mL	-	-
Onset OPF qRT-PCR > CT
yes	2.254	0.916	0.017	9.53	1.53-59.4	1.02
no	-	-
Blood VI
>2.4 log₁₀ TCID₅₀/mL	2.681	0.867	0.004	14.6	2.53-84.4	1.11
<2.4 log₁₀ TCID₅₀/mL	-	-
Appear -1D blood VI > 0
yes	3.325	0.994	0.002	27.8	3.83-202	1.08
no	-	-
Appear -2D blood VI > 0
yes	1.990	0.938	0.038	7.31	1.12-47.6	1.08
no	-	-
Onset blood VI > CT
yes	2.503	0.953	0.011	12.2	1.82-82.0	1.15
no	-	-
Onset -1D blood VI > CT
yes	4.502	1.173	0.003	90.2	8.69-936	1.11
no	-	-
Blood qRT-PCR
>4.6 log₁₀ copies/mL	3.122	1.063	0.005	22.7	2.67-193	1.02
<4.6 log₁₀ copies/mL	-	-
Appear -1D blood qRT-PCR > 0
yes	3.325	0.994	0.001	27.8	3.83-202	1.08
no	-	-
Onset blood qRT-PCR > CT
yes	2.600	0.925	0.006	13.5	2.13-85.2	1.06
no	-	-
Onset -1D blood qRT PCR > CT
yes	3.212	1.038	0.003	24.8	3.12-197	1.12
no	-	-
Nasal fluid VI
>4 log₁₀ TCID₅₀/mL	1.829	0.777	0.023	6.23	1.31-29.7	1.03
<4 log₁₀ TCID₅₀/mL	-	-
Appear of nasal fluid VI > 0
yes	2.917	0.927	0.002	18.5	2.91-118	1.06
no	-	-
Onset nasal fluid VI > CT
yes	2.511	0.972	0.012	12.3	1.77-85.6	1.02
no	-	-
Type 1 IFN
>1IU/mL	1.575	0.762	0.044	4.83	1.04-22.4	1.03
<1IU/mL	-	-
Onset Type 1 IFN > CT
yes	4.06	1.092	0.0004	57.9	6.56-52.0	1.06
no	-	-

Estimated effects, odds ratios and 95% CI for significant (p<0.05) factors in the final generalised linear mixed models (GLMM). CT, estimated cut-off from ROC analysis. -1D/-2D represents appearance or onset of a given factor 1 or 2 days (D) prior.

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