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Table 4 Average distribution of AIV-NP antigen in positive tissues from quail intranasally challenged with H5N1/HP

From: Pathobiology and transmission of highly and low pathogenic avian influenza viruses in European quail (Coturnix c. coturnix)

Tissue*

3 dpi

4 dpi

5 dpi

6 dpi

7 dpi

Predominant cell types

Associated lesion

Proventriculus

+

Epithelial cells of the proventricular glands, cells of the muscularis externa

Severe multifocal necrosis, mild lymphoplasmacytic infiltrate

Gizzard

+

++

++

Epithelial cells of the ventricular glands, cells of the muscularis externa

Severe multifocal necrosis, mild lymphoplasmacytic infiltrate

Cecal tonsil

+

+++

+

Cells of the lamina propria

Mild lymphoplasmacytic infiltrate

Rectum

+

+

Cells of the muscularis externa of the lamina propria

Vacuolation, degeneration, mild lymphoplasmacytic infiltrate

Pancreas

+

++

++

+

Acinar cells, endothelial cells

Severe multifocal to coalescent lytic necrosis, lymphoplasmacytic infiltrate, edema

Kidney

+

+

+

+

+++

Collecting tubular epithelial cells, endothelial cells

Moderate to severe necrosis, mild lymphoplasmacytic infiltrate

Adrenal gland

+

Corticotrophic and corticotropic cells

NSL

Nasal turbinates

++

Respiratory epithelial cells

Lymphoplasmacytic infiltrate in lamina propria

Heart

+

++

+++

++

+++

Myocardiocytes, endothelial cells

Severe multifocal necrosis, mild lymphoplasmacytic infiltrate

Skeletal muscle

+

++

++

Myocytes, endothelial cells

Moderate multifocal necrosis, mild lymphoplasmacytic infiltrate

Spleen

+

Endothelial cells, macrophages

NSL

Brain

++

+++

+++

+++

+++

Neurons, Purkinje cells, ependymal cells, glial cells, endothelial cells

Malacia in cortex, necrosis of ependymal cells of ventricles and epithelial cells of choroid plexus, chromatolysis of Purkinje cells, lymphoplasmacytic infiltrate.

  1. *Tissues not present appeared overtly normal on histopathological analysis and did not show positive IHC staining.
  2. – = no positive cells; + = single positive cells; ++ = scattered groups of positive cells; +++ = widespread positivity.
  3. dpi, days post-inoculation; NSL, no significant lesions.