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Table 2 Selection pressure and positively selected sites in the HA and NA genes from viruses from different datasets.

From: Different evolutionary trends of swine H1N2 influenza viruses in Italy compared to European viruses

Gene

Number of sequences

Length of alignment (aa)

Mean dN/dS

Positively selected sites

Domain1

Antigenic site2

   

(95% CI)

P = 0.1

  
    

SLAC

FEL

  

H1 avian-like

61

539

0.208 (019–0.22)

116

116

HA1 - E

 
    

137

137

HA1 -RBD

 
     

152

HA1 -RBD

 
    

159

159

HA1 -RBD

Ca

    

172

172

HA1 -RBD

Sa

     

185

HA1 -RBD

Ca

     

213

HA1 -RBD

Sb

     

232

HA1 -RBD

 
    

239

239

HA1 -RBD

 
     

392

HA2 - F

 
     

399

HA2 - F

 

H1 human-like

65

555

0.225 (0.21-0.24)

102

102

HA1 - E

 
     

146

HA1 -RBD

 
     

158

HA1 -RBD

Ca

     

213

HA1 -RBD

Sb

    

271

271

HA1 -RBD

 
    

550

550

HA2 - F

 

N2 EU sw H1N2

84

469

0.185 (0.17-0.20)

 

358

PIR H'

 
     

381

  
     

455

  

N2 recent Italian H1N2

42

461

0.181 (0.15-0.22)

0

0

  

N2 human H3N2

240

459

0.265 (0.24-0.29)

 

43

PIR A'

 
    

151

151

NA head domain

 
    

221

221

Antibody binding

 
    

267

   
     

339

PIR F'

Antigenic site

    

370

370

 

Antigenic site

  1. 1 → HA domains: E- vestigial esterase, RBD – Receptor binding domain, F – membrane fusion subdomain in the HA2 subunit [38]. NA domains: PIR – phylogenetically important regions described by Fanning et al. [39], NA head domain and antibody binding positions were previously reported by Gulati et al. [40].
  2. 2 → Antigenic sites in HA: Ca, Sa, Sb described by Caton et al. [37] and for H1N1pdm by Xu et al. [41]. Antigenic sites in NA: described by Colman et al. [42] and Air et al. [43].
  3. Numbering is based on defining the first amino acid of the open reading frame as amino acid n. 1.