Figure 4

Fold change in cytokine gene expression level in the stomach relative to negative control animals. The stomach mRNA expression levels of cytokines (IL-4, IL-10, IL-17, IFN-γ and TNF-α) at final euthanasia were examined by qPCR. Data represent the normalized target gene amount relative to the negative control group which is considered 1. Data are shown as means ± standard error of mean. Significant differences between immunized (rUreB, rNapA and lysate) and sham-immunized, infected animals are noted by * p < 0.05 and ** p < 0.01. Significant differences between immunized groups are noted by bars and * p < 0.05.