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Table 2 Parasites of vertebrate erythrocytes.

From: Is there a direct role for erythrocytes in the immune response?

Family

Genera

Mammals

Fish

Amphibia

Reptils

Birds

Dactylosomatidae

Babesiosoma

[56]

[4]

[4]

[4]

[62]

Dactylosomatidae

Dactylosoma

-

[4]

[4]

[4]

-

Garniidae

Garnia

-

-

-

[4]

[63]

Garniidae

Progarnia

-

-

-

[4]

-

Garniidae

Saurocytozoon

-

-

-

[4]

-

Haemogregarinidae

Cyrilia

-

[4]

-

-

-

Haemogregarinidae

Desseria

-

[4]

-

-

-

Haemogregarinidae

Haemogregarina

[57]

[4]

[4]

[4]

[57]

Haemogregarinidae

Hemolivia

-

-

[4]

[4]

-

Haemogregarinidae

Hepatozoon

[57]

[4]

[4]

[4]

[57]

Haemogregarinidae

Karyolysus

-

-

[57]

[4]

-

Haemoproteidae

Haemoproteus

[57]

-

[4]

[4]

[64]

Haemoproteidae

Haemocystidium

-

-

-

[4]

-

Haemoproteidae

Simondia

-

-

-

[4]

-

Lankesterellidae

Lainsonia

-

-

-

[4]

-

Lankesterellidae

Lankesterella

-

-

[4]

[4]

[57]

Lankesterellidae

Schellackia

-

-

[4]

[4]

-

Plasmodiidae

Billbraya

-

-

-

[4]

-

Plasmodiidae

Mesnilium

-

[4]

-

-

-

Plasmodiidae

Plasmodium

[58]

-

-

[4]

[65]

Trypanosomatida

Sauroleishmania

-

-

-

[4]

-

Uncertain

Chelonoplasma

-

-

-

[4]

-

Uncertain

Cingula

-

-

-

[4]

-

Uncertain

Erythrocytonucleophaga

-

-

[4]

-

-

Uncertain

Globidiellum

-

[4]

-

-

-

Uncertain

Haematractidium

-

[4]

-

[4]

-

Uncertain

Haemohormidium

-

[4]

-

[4]

-

Uncertain

Sauromella

-

-

-

[4]

-

Unceratin

Tunetella

-

-

-

[4]

-

Anaplasmataceae

Aegyptianella

-

-

[4]

[4]

-

Anaplasmataceae

Bertarellia

-

-

[4]

[4]

-

Anaplasmataceae

Cytamoeba

-

-

[4]

[4]

-

Anaplasmataceae

Eperythrozoon

[59]

[4]

-

-

-

Anaplasmataceae

Haemobartonella

[59]

[4]

[4]

[4]

-

Bartonellaceae

Grahamella

-

-

-

[4]

-

Viral

Orthomyxoviridae Influenza A

[60, 61]

-

-

-

[66]

Viral

Retroviridae Lentivirus (HIV-1)

[53]

-

-

-

-

Viral

Orthomyxoviridae Isavirus (ISAV)

-

[4]

-

-

-

Viral

unknown Immanoplasma*

-

[4]

-

-

-

Viral

unknown Pirhemocyton*

-

-

[4]

[4]

-

Viral

unknown Toddia*

-

[4]

[4]

[4]

-

  1. Table reports parasitic genera infecting both nucleated and non-nucleated vertebrate erythrocytes. References are numbers according to bibliography listing.
  2. *These genus names are not accepted viral genera, but were designated in the early 1900s based on erythrocyte inclusions thought to be caused by protozoan parasites. The inclusions were subsequently found to be associated with icosahedral virus particles considered most likely to be large DNA viruses, possibly in the family Iridoviridae, but the taxonomy has not been conclusively defined.