Table 2 Immunomodulatory proteins of MYXV.

M002R/L

M-T2

TNFR homolog; inhibits TNF/TNFR; prevents apoptosis of lymphocytes intracellularly

[27–30]

M11L

Binds with Bak and/or Bax; inhibits apoptosis

[33, 34]

M146R

Postulated to bind Bcl-2 proteins and inhibit TLR-mediated innate responses

[1, 38]

M005R/L

M-T5

Enhances degradation of CDK inhibitors; prevents checkpoint-induced apoptosis

[42–44]

M150R

MNF

ANK-repeat protein; inhibits NF-κB

[45, 48]

M148R

ANK-repeat virulence factor, but no specific function defined to date

[49]

M149R

ANK-repeat virulence factor, but no specific function defined to date

[49]

M153R

MV-LAP

Downregulates cell surface CD4, Fas-CD95 and MHC-1

[13, 50, 51]

M143

Ubiquitin ligase with a possible anti-apoptotic function

[1]

M004R/L

M-T4

Possible interference with BAP31 in the ER; apoptosis inhibitor

[13, 52, 53]

M156R

PKR pseudosubstrate and inhibitor

[19, 57]

M029L

Predicted inhibitor of PKR via dsRNA binding

[1]

M062R

Host range factor essential for replication in rabbit or human cancer cells; binds SAMD9

[1, 61, 65]

M063R

Host range factor, essential for replication in rabbit cells

[1, 61, 62]

M064R

Related to M062 and M064 host range factors but function not yet determined

[1, 61]

M001R/L

M-T1

CC-chemokine binding protein

[66, 67, 153, 154]

M104L

Postulated inhibitor of chemokine receptor signaling

[1]

M007R/L

M-T7

Secreted inhibitor of IFN-γ and chemokines; anti-inflammatory activities

[69]

M008R/L

Serp-1

Secreted serpin that inhibits diverse host serine proteases; anti-inflammatory activities

[70, 155–157]

M151R

Serp-2

Intracellular serpin that inhibits ICE and granzyme B

[71, 73, 158]

M152R

Serp-3

Serpin and virulence factor, but no specific host target yet described

[74]

M141R

vCD200

Cell surface virulence factor that inhibits CD200R⁺ leukocytes (also called vOX-2)

[1, 76]

M121R/M122R

Predicted NK regulatory receptor homologs

[1]

M128L

vCD47

Cell surface virulence factor and CD47 homolog

[1, 80]

M13L

Pyrin-containing protein that inhibits the inflammasomes and NF-κB signaling

[81, 83]

M129R

Predicted HIV gp120 homolog, but function still unknown

[60]

M130R

Predicted HIV Tat homolog; virulence factor

[60, 86]

M010L

MGF

Secreted virulence factor, related to TGFalpha and EGF

[89]

M135R

B19R (VACV) homolog, virulence factor, but no specific function or ligand known

[60, 90]

M144R

C3L/B5R (VACV) homolog, no confirmed function yet

[60]