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Figure 1 | Veterinary Research

Figure 1

From: Quantitative assessment of the probability of bluetongue virus overwintering by horizontal transmission: application to Germany

Figure 1

Pathways for overwintering considered in the model: (I) horizontal transmission in the insect vectors, (II) horizontal transmission in the ruminant hosts and (III) horizontal transmission in the insect vector plus the ruminant population. [a] represents infection of vectors before the PLVA and [b] infection of vectors during the PLVA. In pathways Ia and IIIa, the vectors need to have emerged before the PLVA, while in pathways Ib and IIIb, the vectors may have emerged before the PLVA, but also during the PLVA.

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Veterinary Research

ISSN: 1297-9716