Figure 1

Quantitative PCR of 16S rRNA gene in nasal swabs. A 16S rRNA gene quantity (pg) detected by qPCR in nasal swabs taken from sows before (Pre-antibiotic, in yellow) and after (Post-antibiotic, in purple) first administration of their respective antibiotic treatments: crystalline ceftiofur + tulathromycin sows (CT_sows) and crystalline ceftiofur sows (C_sows). Each dot corresponds to one animal. B 16S rRNA gene quantity (pg) detected by qPCR in nasal swabs from piglets of the groups under study: non-treated piglets born to ceftiofur + tulathromycin treated sows (CT_sowN_piglet, red); ceftiofur treated piglets born to ceftiofur + tulathromycin treated sows (CT_sowC_piglet, green); non-treated piglets born to ceftiofur treated sows (C_sowN_piglet, blue); and the reference group of age-matched farm piglets (grey). Each dot corresponds to one animal. Significant P values are shown in upper bars.