Figure 3

Effect of NDV-induced autophagy on NLRP3 inflammasome activation. A The mRNA transcription levels of NLRP3 in NDV-infected DF-1 cells. B Western blot analysis of NLRP3 protein expression in NDV-infected DF-1 cells treated with CQ or 3-MA. GAPDH was used as a protein loading control. The effect of NDV-induced autophagy on caspase-1 activation was examined in NDV-infected DF-1 cells treated with C CQ and 3-MA, D ATG16L1-specific siRNAs, and E rapamycin and starvation. Shown are the ratios of Caspase-1 activation, measured 30 h after NDV infection. Similar results were obtained from three independent experiments. Data were expressed as mean ± SD. ^*P ≤ 0.05; ^**P ≤ 0.01; ^***P ≤ 0.001. NDV: Newcastle disease virus, CQ: chloroquine, 3-MA: 3-Methyladenine, ATG16L1: autophagy-related protein 16 like protein 1, NLRP3: NOD-like receptor thermal protein domain associated protein 3.