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Table 1 General litter information and the clinical signs of piglets and sows after PEDV inoculation (before challenge)

From: Experimental infection of a US spike-insertion deletion porcine epidemic diarrhea virus in conventional nursing piglets and cross-protection to the original US PEDV infection

Litter no.

Litter size; stillborn; lost to injury

Age (day); body weight (kg) at inoculation

Inoculum strain (passage)D; dose (log10 GE/pig); processing method

Piglet condition

Sow condition

Morbidity (%)A

Mortality (%)A

Highest fecal PEDV shedding titer (log10 GE/mL)

Onset of diarrhea (dpi)

Duration of diarrhea (days)C

Duration of hypothermia (days)C

First week mean body weight gain (kg)C

Anorexia

Diarrhea (RS ≧ 2)

Highest fecal PEDV shedding titer (log10 GE/pig)

RS = 3B

RS ≧ 2B

RS ≧ 1B

A

7; 0; 1

3; NA

Iowa106 (P0); 12; F&T 2×, filtrated

100 (6/6)

0 (0/5)

11.24 Â± 1.80a,b

1

1.80 Â± 0.45b

4.20 Â± 0.84c

7.00 Â± 0.71a,b

NA

NA

0

0

9.46

B

14; 3; 1

3; 1.67 Â± 0.31b

Iowa106 (P1); 10; F&T 1×,

100 (10/10)

75 (6/8)

11.08 Â± 0.05b

2

4.67 Â± 0.58a

6.33 Â± 0.57a,b

8.33 Â± 1.53a

6.75 Â± 1.71a

−0.28 Â± 0.16c

4

4

11.08

C

12; 1; 1

4; 1.8 Â± 0.10b

Iowa106 (P1); 12; F&T 2×

100 (10/10)

0 (0/10)

12.67 Â± 0.48a

2

4.00 Â± 1.11a

5.78 Â± 0.97b

6.56 Â± 0.73b

1.11 Â± 0.93c

−0.1 Â± 0.20c

1

2

11.60

D

11; 0; 1

4; 2.2 Â± 0.30a

Iowa106 (P1); 12; F&T 2×

100 (10/10)

0 (0/10)

12.17 Â± 0.47a

2–3

1.56 Â± 0.73b

3.44 Â± 1.01c

6.00 Â± 1.41b

0.00 Â± 0.00d

0.5 Â± 0.30b

0

0

9.40

E

13; 2; 0

4; 1.60 Â± 0.42b

PC21A (P2); 10; F&T 1×

100 (11/11)

55 (6/11)

11.80 Â± 0.89a

1

5.25 Â± 0.96a

7.20 Â± 0.45 a

8.25 Â± 1.26a

3.22 Â± 2.17b

0.03 Â± 0.31c

2

5

9.67

F

10; 2; 1

4; 1.80 Â± 0.16b

Mock

0 (0/7)

0 (0/7)

ND

ND

0.00 Â± 0.00c

0.00 Â± 0.00d

0.00 Â± 0.00c

0.00 Â± 0.00d

0.95 Â± 0.16a

0

0

ND

  1. dpi, days post-inoculation; RS, rectal swab; ND, not detectable; NA, not available; GE, genomic equivalents; F&T, frozen and thaw (once 1x, twice 2x); P1, passage level 1; P2, passage level 2; filtrated, filtrated through 0.22 Î¼m-pore size
  2. a, b, c, d Different letters in each column mean significant different levels among litters (P < 0.05).
  3. APiglets injured by their sow or were not moribund when they were euthanized during acute infection phase for histopathology examination were excluded.
  4. BRS score: 0 = normal, 1 = pasty, 2 = semi-liquid, 3 = liquid feces.
  5. CPiglets died from physical trauma or euthanized for histopathological examination were excluded.
  6. DViruses were passaged in gnotobiotic piglets (the original US PEDV PC21A) or conventional piglets (S-INDEL PEDV Iowa106).