Figure 5From: Duck MDA5 functions in innate immunity against H5N1 highly pathogenic avian influenza virus infectionsPrimary DEF cells respond to overexpression of the CARD of Muscovy duck MDA5. The relative mRNA expression level of antiviral molecules (OAS, PKR and Mx), proinflammatory cytokines (IL-1β, IL-2, IL-6, IL-8, IFN-α and IFN-γ) and RLR (RIG-I and LGP2) post overexpression of the CARD of Muscovy duck MDA5 by qRT-PCR. The DEF cells were transfected with either the pCAGGS-MDA5-CARD plasmid or the empty plasmid. After 36 h quantitative real-time PCR tests were performed. *The difference (P < 0.05) between the experimental and control group. Error bars indicate standard deviations.Back to article page